What types of Social Security benefits are available:
Social Security Retirement:
When you’ve reached the age of 62 or greater and have earned at least 40 social security credits **
While you can take retirement at the age of 62, your benefits will be reduced compared to what you would receive if you reach full retirement. Full retirement is between 66 and 67 depending on the year of your birth.
https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10035.pdf
SS Disability (SSDI)
When you have a disability and enough credits from prior work history. Typically you must have worked approximately half of the time from the age of 21 to the time of your disability. For example, if you are 29 years of age when you become disabled, you must have worked at least 4 years from the age of 21 to 29.
https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/credits.html
Social Security Supplemental Income (SSI)
When you become disabled and don’t have enough credits to qualify for SSDI, and have limited or income and resources you may be eligible for SSI benefits.
https://www.ssa.gov/ssi/eligibility
Survivors Benefits
Per SSA.gov: “Social Security survivors benefits are paid to widows, widowers, and dependents of eligible workers. This benefit is particularly important for young families with children.”